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Melting Permafrost Is Turning Alaska's Rivers Orange

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Rivers in Alaska are turning orange due to melting permafrost (Credit: Josh Koch/ USGS)

In the summer of 2019, ecologist Patrick Sullivan traveled to northern Alaska to study forests near the Salmon River. Known for its pristine water, the river supports a thriving population of wildlife, including fish and bears. Instead of the crystal-clear water he had expected, large sections farther down the river appeared bright orange. The riverbanks were also stained with rust-colored sediment.